NAPOLI - Palazzo San Teodoro a Napoli apre le porte alla cultura con la presentazione del libro “Le cause della caduta del Regno delle Due Sicilie”. Il volume, curato da Gianandrea de. Storia della marina mercantile delle Due Sicilie (1734-1860), Milano: Mursia. Fra il Regno delle due Sicilie e gli altri Paesi Europei ed Extraeuropei,Atti della. The data collection gives us very interesting information about the typology of the.
Contents.Name The name 'Two Sicilies' originated from the partition of the medieval. Until 1285, the island of and the were constituent parts of the Kingdom of Sicily. As a result of the (1282–1302), the King of Sicily lost the Island of Sicily (also called Trinacria) to the, but remained ruler over the peninsular part of the realm. Although his territory became known unofficially as the, he and his successors never gave up the title 'King of Sicily' and still officially referred to their realm as the 'Kingdom of Sicily'. At the same time, the Aragonese rulers of the Island of Sicily also called their realm the 'Kingdom of Sicily'. Thus, there were two kingdoms called 'Sicily': hence, the Two Sicilies.Background Establishment of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies resulted from the re-unification of the with the (called the Kingdom of Peninsular Sicily), by King in 1442.
The two states had functioned as separate realms since the War of the Sicilian Vespers in 1282. At the death of King Alfonso in 1458, the kingdom again became divided between his brother, who kept the island of Sicily, and his illegitimate son, who became King of Naples.In 1501, King, son of John II, conquered Naples and reunified the two kingdoms under the authority of the newly united Spanish throne. The Kings of Spain then bore the title King of Both Sicilies or King of Sicily and of the Two Coasts of the Strait until the. At the end of that war, the in 1713 granted Sicily to the until the in 1714 left Naples to the. In 1720 the Emperor and Savoy exchanged Sicily for, thus reuniting Naples and Sicily.In 1734, son of Philip V of Spain, took the Sicilian crown from the Austrians and became Charles VII & V, giving Parma to his younger brother, Philip. In 1759, Charles became King Carlos III of Spain and resigned Sicily and Naples to his younger son, who became and Ferdinand IV of Naples, later crowned Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies in 1816.
Apart from an interruption under, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies remained under the Bourbon line ( Bourbon Duo-Sicilie) continually until 1860.In January 1799, in the name of the, captured Naples and proclaimed the, a French client state, as successor to the kingdom. Fled from Naples to Sicily until June of that year. In 1806, Napoleon, by then French Emperor, again dethroned King Ferdinand and appointed his brother, as King of Naples. In the Edict of Bayonne of 1808 Napoleon moved Joseph to Spain and appointed their brother-in-law, as King of the Two Sicilies, though this only meant control of the mainland portion of the kingdom. Throughout this Napoleonic interruption, King Ferdinand remained in Sicily, with as his capital.The restored King Ferdinand in 1815.
He established a with the, which previously had a claim to the land.Several rebellions took place on the island of against King (reigned 1830–1859), but the end of the kingdom came only with the in 1860, led by – an icon of Italian unification – with the support of the and their. The expedition resulted in a striking series of defeats for the Sicilian armies facing the growing troops of Garibaldi. After the capture of Palermo and Sicily, Garibaldi disembarked in and moved towards Naples, while in the meantime the Piedmontese also invaded the Kingdom from the. The last battles took place at and at the, where King (reigned 1859–1861) had sought shelter, hoping for French help, which never came. The last towns to resist Garibaldi's expedition, and, capitulated on 13 March 1861 and on 20 March 1861 respectively. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies dissolved and the new, founded in the same year annexed its territory.
The fall of the Sicilian aristocracy in the face of Garibaldi's invasion forms the subject of the novel by and its. Origins of the two kingdoms. Church of first unifier.A monarchy over the areas which would later become known as the Two Sicilies existed as one single kingdom, including a and an part, dating from the. The king formed the by combining the with the southern part of the Italian Peninsula (then known as the ) as well as with the. The capital of this kingdom was — which is on the island of.The state existed in that form from 1130 until 1285. In the period of the during the reign (1266–1285) of King, the kingdom was split by the of 1282–1302.
Charles, who was of French origin, lost Sicily proper to the, who were and, after they were able to gain the support of the natives. Charles remained king over the peninsular part of the realm, thereafter informally known as the. Officially Charles never gave up the title of 'The Kingdom of Sicily', thus there existed two separate kingdoms calling themselves 'Sicily'. Aragonese and Spanish direct rule. The kingdoms were conquered from the Austrians by a young Spanish prince during the; he became. The two kingdoms were then recognised as both independent and under Charles' rule as a of the Spanish Bourbons by the.
After Charles' brother, died childless, Charles inherited the Spanish Crown in 1759, reigning as Charles III of Spain.His son then became king of the two kingdoms so as to maintain them as separate realms as required by the treaties restoring the junior Spanish royalty to the southern Italian kingdoms. Ferdinand was highly popular with the. Ferdinand's reign was highly eventful. For a brief period the controlled Naples with the support of those who supported the.
However, a army of the poorest class retook in order to restore royal power. Eight years later, conquered the peninsular portion of the kingdom during the and placed his brother on the throne as King he conferred the title 'Prince of Naples' on his children and grandchildren.Ferdinand fled to his other kingdom, on the island of Sicily itself. Here the alliance he had previously made with and Prime Minister the saved him. The British protected Ferdinand and the island of Sicily from Napoleonic conquest with the presence of a powerful fleet.Back on the mainland, had become the second king. In the Edict of Bayonne he was named as 'King of the Two Sicilies', though de facto he never actually held the island of Sicily where Ferdinand was, and is usually referred to as just the.Murat actually switched sides for a while, abandoning the after the disastrous in an attempt to save his Neapolitan throne. However, as the progressed, tensions arose as there was strong pressure to restore Ferdinand to the Neapolitan kingdom as well as keeping his Sicilian one.
Murat returned to Napoleon and together they declared war on the, leading to the in March 1815. Ferdinand and his allies Austria, Britain and were victorious, restoring him to his Neapolitan throne. To avoid further French attempts, it was agreed at the that Ferdinand would reunite his kingdom.When talking about the period from 1816 until 1861, historians refer to the and the together as one state - the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. For the period prior to 1816, instead, historians refer to them separately with their own name, as they were separate kingdoms.Invasion by Piedmont Between 1816 and 1848, the island of experienced three popular revolts against Bourbon rule, including the of 1848, when the island was fully independent of Bourbon control for 16 months.In 1860, Sicily was by a corps of volunteers, led by Giuseppe Garibaldi from the.
They successfully conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, and incorporated the territory into the new.Geography Departments. This section does not any. Unsourced material may be challenged. ( March 2015) Industry Industry was the largest source of income if compared with the other preunitarian states. One of the most important industrial complexes in the kingdom was the of, which employed 1800 workers. The engineering factory of was the largest industrial plant in the Italian peninsula , producing tools, rails,. The complex also included a school for train drivers, and naval engineers and, thanks to this school, the kingdom was able to replace the English personnel who had been necessary until then.
The first with known in the Mediterranean Sea was the 'Giglio delle Onde', with mail delivery and passenger transport purposes after 1847.In Calabria, the Fonderia Ferdinandea was a large where cast iron was produced. The was an iron foundry and factory. Founded in 1770, it employed 1600 workers in 1860 and closed in 1880. In Sicily (near and ), was mined to make. The Sicilian mines were able to satisfy most of the global demand for sulfur. Cloth production was focused in (near ). The region of also had several mills in and, where, and silk were processed.
Was widespread, especially near ( and ).Transport. Rail lines in Italy in 1870With all of its major cities boasting successful ports , transport and trade in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was most efficiently conducted by sea. The Kingdom possessed the largest merchant fleet in the Mediterranean. Urban road conditions were to the best European standards , by 1839, the main streets of Naples were gas-lit. Efforts were made to tackle the tough mountainous terrain, Ferdinand II built the cliff-top road along the Sorrentine peninsula. Road conditions in the interior and hinterland areas of the kingdom made internal trade difficult. The first railways and iron-suspension bridges in Italy were developed in the south, as was the first overland electric telegraph cable.Technological and scientific achievements The kingdom achieved several scientific and technological accomplishments, such as the first steamboat in the Mediterrean Sea (1818), built in the shipyard of Stanislao Filosa al ponte di Vigliena, near Naples, and the first railway in the Italian peninsula (1839), which connected Naples to Portici.
However, until the Italian unification, the development was highly limited. In the year 1859, the kingdom had only 99 kilometers of rails, compared to the 800 kilometers of. This was because the kingdom could count on a very large and efficient merchant navy, which was able to compensate for the need for railways. Also, southern landscape was mainly mountainous making the process of building railways quite difficult, as building railway tunnels was much harder at the time.
However, the first in the world was built there. Among the other achievements, one worth mentioning is the first in Continental Europe (1832), the first in Italy (1839), the first volcano observatory in the world, (1841), the first and actual in the world (in the ancient cities of and ), the first faculty of in Europe and the first faculty of in Italy. The first suspension bridge, built in iron, the ' on the river and it was built in the Reali Ferriere factory and Weapons factory in. The rails for the first Italian railways were built in Mongiana as well. All the rails of the old railways that went from the south to as far as were built in Mongiana.
Naples was the most populated city in Italy, and the third most populated city in Europe. Monarchy Kings of the Two Sicilies. Description of the arms appearing in the flag. Corrections: the upper part of the block marked ' is Burgundy Ancient; Burgundy Modern (as it is called in English; shown here as New Burgundy) includes a red-and-white border; the block marked 'Aragon Two Sicilies' is only for Sicily proper (the other 'Sicily' being the Angevin kingdom of Naples). Orders of knighthood.Further reading., a novel by, is set in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies during the Napoleonic era.See also.
(in Italian). (1790).
British Library. De Sangro, Michele (2003). I Borboni nel Regno delle Due Sicilie (in Italian).: Edizioni Caponi. Nicola Zitara. (PDF) (in Italian).
Carlo M. Before the industrial revolution: European society and economy, 1000–1700 (1993), p. 36. Jordan Lancaster, In the shadow of Vesuvius: a cultural history of Naples (2005) pp.
199–206. ^.
7 October 2007. Waller, Maureen. Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England. Martin's Press (New York), 2006. ^ Colletta, Pietro (1858). University of Michigan. 7 October 2007.
Archived from on 1 February 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008. Blanch, L. Archivio Storico per le Province Napoletane. Archived from on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
7 October 2007. 7 October 2007. Archived from on 26 September 2009. 7 October 2007. Archived from on 29 June 2009. ^. 7 October 2007.
7 October 2007. Archived from on 29 December 2006.
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Pompilio Petitti (1851). (in Italian).: Stabilimento Migliaccio. P. 1. Pompilio Petitti (1851). (in Italian).: Stabilimento Migliaccio. The Two Sicilies Succession. Guy Stair Sainty.
Archived from on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2015.Further reading. Alio, Jacqueline. Sicilian Studies: A Guide and Syllabus for Educators (2018), 250 pp. Eckaus, Richard S. 'The North-South differential in Italian economic development.'
Journal of Economic History (1961) 21#3 pp: 285-317. Finley, M. I., Denis Mack Smith and Christopher Duggan, A History of Sicily (1987) abridged one-volume version of 3-volume set of 1969). Imbruglia, Girolamo, ed.
Naples in the eighteenth century: The birth and death of a nation state (Cambridge University Press, 2000). Petrusewicz, Marta. 'Before the Southern Question: 'Native' Ideas on Backwardness and Remedies in the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, 1815-1849.' In Italy's 'Southern Question' (Oxford: Berg, 1998) pp: 27-50. Pinto, Carmine. 'The 1860 disciplined Revolution.
The Collapse of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.' Contemporanea (2013) 16#1 pp: 39-68. Riall, Lucy.
Sicily and the Unification of Italy: Liberal Policy & Local Power, 1859-1866 (1998), 252pp. Zamagni, Vera.
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